Introduction:
As global markets brace for another turbulent year, investors are scrambling to decode where to park their capital amid shifting economic tides. Inflation trends in 2025 are reshaping the traditional playbook for safe-haven assets, forcing a reevaluation of everything from gold’s enduring appeal to cryptocurrencies’ volatile promise. With central banks walking a tightrope between curbing price surges and avoiding recession, assets like forex pairs, precious metals, and digital tokens are no longer just diversifiers—they’re frontline defenses against eroding purchasing power. Whether it’s the dollar’s resilience, gold’s battle with Bitcoin for dominance, or emerging markets’ currency gambits, the stakes for portfolio survival have never been higher. Welcome to the era where inflation doesn’t just whisper—it roars.
1. Inflation Trends 2025: The Macro Backdrop
As global markets navigate the economic landscape of 2025, inflation remains a dominant force shaping monetary policies, investment strategies, and the performance of safe-haven assets such as forex, gold, and cryptocurrencies. Understanding the inflation trends 2025 provides critical insights into how central banks, investors, and businesses are adapting to a world still recovering from post-pandemic disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and structural economic shifts.
Global Inflation Dynamics in 2025
Inflation in 2025 is characterized by a complex interplay of demand-pull and cost-push factors, with regional disparities influencing monetary policy responses. While some advanced economies have managed to stabilize inflation near their 2% targets, emerging markets continue grappling with persistent price pressures due to currency depreciation, supply chain bottlenecks, and elevated commodity prices.
Key Drivers of Inflation in 2025
1. Monetary Policy Divergence
– The U.S. Federal Reserve has adopted a cautious stance, keeping interest rates elevated to prevent a resurgence of inflation, while the European Central Bank (ECB) has begun gradual rate cuts as Eurozone inflation cools.
– Emerging markets, particularly in Latin America and Africa, face tighter financial conditions, with central banks maintaining restrictive policies to curb inflation expectations.
2. Geopolitical Risks and Supply Chain Pressures
– Ongoing conflicts and trade restrictions continue to disrupt energy and food supplies, sustaining inflationary pressures in import-dependent economies.
– The shift toward nearshoring and friend-shoring has increased production costs, contributing to sticky core inflation in developed nations.
3. Wage Growth and Labor Market Tightness
– Persistent labor shortages in sectors like healthcare, technology, and manufacturing have led to sustained wage growth, particularly in the U.S. and Western Europe, fueling services inflation.
4. Commodity Price Volatility
– Oil prices remain elevated due to OPEC+ supply constraints and rising demand from Asia, while agricultural commodity prices fluctuate due to climate-related disruptions.
Regional Inflation Outlook for 2025
United States: Sticky Core Inflation Amid Strong Demand
The U.S. economy continues to exhibit resilient consumer spending, keeping core inflation (excluding food and energy) above the Fed’s comfort zone. Shelter costs and services inflation remain key concerns, prompting the Fed to maintain a higher-for-longer interest rate policy well into 2025.
Eurozone: Gradual Disinflation with Growth Risks
The ECB has succeeded in bringing headline inflation down, but weak economic growth in Germany and France raises concerns about stagflation. Energy price shocks remain a risk, particularly if geopolitical tensions escalate.
Emerging Markets: Persistent Inflationary Pressures
Countries like Turkey, Argentina, and Nigeria continue to experience double-digit inflation due to currency weakness and fiscal imbalances. In contrast, India and China have managed inflation better through strategic policy interventions, though food inflation remains a challenge.
Implications for Safe-Haven Assets
The inflation trends 2025 are reshaping investor behavior, with traditional and alternative safe havens reacting differently:
Forex Markets: USD Resilience vs. EM Currency Weakness
- The U.S. dollar (USD) remains strong as the Fed delays rate cuts, attracting capital flows from riskier assets.
- Emerging market currencies (e.g., Turkish lira, Argentine peso) face depreciation pressures, increasing hedging demand for stable forex pairs like USD/CHF and USD/JPY.
### Gold: A Hedge Against Stagflation Fears
- Gold prices have surged in 2025 as investors seek protection against currency debasement and geopolitical risks.
- Central bank gold buying, particularly from China and India, supports prices amid weakening fiat currencies.
### Cryptocurrencies: Diverging Roles in Inflation Hedging
- Bitcoin (BTC) has regained favor as a digital gold, with institutional adoption rising amid inflation concerns.
- Stablecoins and inflation-pegged crypto assets gain traction in hyperinflationary economies as alternatives to weakening local currencies.
## Conclusion: Navigating Inflation in 2025
The inflation trends 2025 underscore a fragmented global economy where monetary policies, geopolitical risks, and supply-side constraints dictate price stability. Investors must remain agile, balancing traditional safe havens like forex and gold with emerging digital assets that offer inflation-resistant characteristics. As central banks walk a tightrope between growth and price stability, understanding these macroeconomic forces will be crucial for optimizing portfolio resilience in an uncertain financial landscape.
By monitoring inflation trends 2025, traders and policymakers can better anticipate market movements and position themselves advantageously in forex, gold, and cryptocurrency markets.
2. Forex Markets: Currency Wars in an Inflationary Era
The foreign exchange (Forex) market, the largest and most liquid financial market in the world, is highly sensitive to inflationary pressures. As inflation trends in 2025 continue to shape global monetary policies, central banks are engaging in competitive devaluations, interest rate adjustments, and currency interventions—leading to heightened volatility and strategic currency wars. This section explores how inflation is reshaping Forex dynamics, the role of major currencies, and the implications for traders and investors.
The Impact of Inflation on Forex Markets
Inflation erodes purchasing power, forcing central banks to adjust monetary policies to stabilize their economies. In 2025, persistent inflation—driven by supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and fiscal stimulus measures—has led to divergent policy responses among major economies. These responses create significant fluctuations in currency valuations, as Forex markets react to interest rate differentials, quantitative easing (QE) tapering, and capital flows.
Key Drivers of Forex Volatility in 2025
1. Central Bank Policy Divergence
– The U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed), European Central Bank (ECB), and Bank of Japan (BoJ) are navigating inflation differently.
– The Fed may maintain a hawkish stance with higher interest rates to combat inflation, strengthening the USD.
– The ECB faces stagflation risks, potentially keeping rates lower for longer, weakening the EUR.
– The BoJ’s ultra-loose policy could further devalue the JPY, making it a funding currency for carry trades.
2. Currency Wars and Competitive Devaluations
– Countries with high inflation may deliberately weaken their currencies to boost exports, sparking retaliatory moves.
– Emerging markets (EMs) like Turkey and Argentina face hyperinflation, leading to extreme Forex volatility.
– China’s yuan (CNY) remains a focal point, as the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) balances inflation control with export competitiveness.
3. Safe-Haven vs. Risk-On Currencies
– The USD, Swiss franc (CHF), and Japanese yen (JPY) traditionally act as safe havens during inflation shocks.
– Commodity-linked currencies (AUD, CAD, NOK) benefit from rising raw material prices but suffer if inflation triggers demand destruction.
Practical Implications for Forex Traders
1. Interest Rate Differentials & Carry Trades
– Higher-yielding currencies attract inflows, but inflation risks can reverse trends abruptly.
– Example: If the Fed hikes rates while the ECB lags, EUR/USD may decline further.
2. Geopolitical Risks and Forex Hedging
– Escalating trade wars or sanctions (e.g., U.S.-China tensions) can disrupt currency stability.
– Hedging strategies using options or futures become crucial for multinational corporations.
3. Digital Currencies and Forex Disruption
– Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) may alter Forex liquidity and cross-border transactions.
– Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) are increasingly used as inflation hedges, competing with fiat currencies.
Case Study: The U.S. Dollar in 2025
The USD remains the world’s dominant reserve currency, but its trajectory depends on:
- Fed Policy: If inflation stays stubborn, aggressive rate hikes could strengthen the USD but risk a global liquidity crunch.
- Debt Dynamics: Rising U.S. debt levels may undermine long-term confidence in the dollar.
- BRICS De-Dollarization Efforts: Countries like China and Russia are promoting alternative trade settlement systems, potentially reducing USD dominance.
## Conclusion: Navigating Forex Markets Amid Inflation
The inflation trends of 2025 are intensifying currency wars, creating both risks and opportunities in Forex markets. Traders must monitor:
- Central bank signals (Fed, ECB, BoJ) for policy shifts.
- Inflation differentials between economies.
- Geopolitical developments that could trigger sudden Forex swings.
In this volatile environment, a disciplined approach—combining fundamental analysis, technical indicators, and risk management—will be essential for Forex market participants.
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3. Gold: The Timeless Hedge Under Pressure
Introduction
Gold has long been regarded as the ultimate safe-haven asset, a reliable store of value during economic uncertainty, geopolitical instability, and inflationary pressures. However, as inflation trends in 2025 continue to evolve, gold faces new challenges that test its traditional role. This section examines how gold is performing as an inflation hedge, the macroeconomic factors influencing its price, and whether it can maintain its status amid shifting monetary policies and emerging asset classes like cryptocurrencies.
Gold’s Historical Role as an Inflation Hedge
For centuries, gold has served as a hedge against inflation due to its intrinsic value, limited supply, and universal acceptance. Unlike fiat currencies, which can be devalued by excessive money printing, gold retains its purchasing power over long periods. Historical data shows that gold prices tend to rise during high inflation periods, such as the 1970s stagflation crisis and the post-2008 financial stimulus era.
In 2025, inflation trends remain a critical concern for central banks and investors. With persistent supply chain disruptions, energy price volatility, and wage pressures, inflation has not fully retreated to pre-pandemic levels. Gold’s performance in this environment is under scrutiny—will it continue to act as a reliable hedge, or will alternative assets diminish its appeal?
Current Macroeconomic Pressures on Gold
1. Central Bank Policies and Interest Rates
One of the most significant factors influencing gold in 2025 is monetary policy. Gold is a non-yielding asset, meaning it doesn’t generate interest or dividends. When central banks, particularly the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank (ECB), raise interest rates to combat inflation, the opportunity cost of holding gold increases. Investors may prefer high-yielding bonds or savings instruments over gold, leading to downward pressure on its price.
However, if inflation remains stubbornly high despite rate hikes—a scenario known as “stagflation”—gold could regain favor as investors seek stability. The interplay between inflation trends in 2025 and monetary tightening will be crucial in determining gold’s trajectory.
2. U.S. Dollar Strength
Gold is priced in U.S. dollars, making it inversely correlated with the dollar’s strength. A strong dollar makes gold more expensive for foreign buyers, reducing demand. In 2025, if the Fed maintains a hawkish stance, the dollar could remain resilient, limiting gold’s upside. Conversely, if inflation erodes dollar confidence or the Fed pivots to rate cuts, gold may see renewed bullish momentum.
3. Geopolitical Uncertainty
Gold thrives in times of geopolitical instability, such as wars, trade conflicts, or financial crises. In 2025, ongoing tensions between major economies, energy supply disruptions, and regional conflicts could drive safe-haven demand for gold. For example, if inflation is exacerbated by geopolitical supply shocks, investors may flock to gold as a defensive asset.
Competition from Cryptocurrencies
A new challenge for gold in 2025 is the growing adoption of cryptocurrencies as alternative inflation hedges. Bitcoin, often dubbed “digital gold,” has gained traction among institutional investors seeking decentralized assets uncorrelated with traditional markets. While gold’s millennia-long track record provides stability, cryptocurrencies offer portability, divisibility, and potential high returns.
However, crypto’s volatility remains a concern. Unlike gold, which has relatively stable price movements, Bitcoin and other digital assets can experience extreme fluctuations, making them a riskier hedge. Some investors now diversify by holding both gold and crypto, balancing traditional safety with modern innovation.
Practical Insights for Investors in 2025
Given the evolving inflation trends in 2025, how should investors approach gold?
1. Diversification Strategy
Gold should remain a core component of a diversified portfolio, typically between 5% and 15%, depending on risk tolerance. Its low correlation with equities and bonds provides stability during market downturns.
2. Monitoring Real Interest Rates
Real interest rates (nominal rates minus inflation) are a key indicator for gold. If real rates remain negative or low, gold becomes more attractive. Investors should watch central bank policies and inflation reports closely.
3. Alternative Gold Investments
Beyond physical gold, investors can consider:
- Gold ETFs (e.g., SPDR Gold Shares – GLD) – Provides liquidity and ease of trading.
- Gold Mining Stocks – Offers leverage to gold prices but carries operational risks.
- Gold-Backed Cryptocurrencies – Combines blockchain efficiency with gold’s stability.
## Conclusion: Is Gold Still a Reliable Hedge in 2025?
Gold’s role as an inflation hedge is being tested in 2025, but it remains a critical asset for wealth preservation. While higher interest rates and a strong dollar pose challenges, persistent inflation and geopolitical risks could reignite demand. The rise of cryptocurrencies introduces competition, but gold’s historical resilience ensures its place in a balanced portfolio.
Investors must stay attuned to inflation trends in 2025, central bank policies, and macroeconomic shifts to optimize their gold holdings. In an uncertain financial landscape, gold’s timeless appeal endures—even under pressure.
4. Cryptocurrencies: Digital Havens or Volatility Traps?
As inflation trends in 2025 continue to shape global financial markets, cryptocurrencies remain a polarizing asset class. Proponents argue that digital currencies like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) serve as modern-day safe havens, offering protection against fiat currency devaluation. Critics, however, highlight their extreme volatility, regulatory uncertainties, and susceptibility to macroeconomic shocks. This section examines whether cryptocurrencies in 2025 function as reliable inflation hedges or speculative volatility traps.
Cryptocurrencies as Inflation Hedges: The Bull Case
Scarcity and Decentralization
One of the primary arguments favoring cryptocurrencies as inflation hedges is their fixed or predictable supply mechanisms. Bitcoin, for instance, has a hard cap of 21 million coins, making it inherently deflationary—a stark contrast to central banks’ money-printing policies during inflationary periods. In 2025, as inflation trends persist, investors may increasingly turn to Bitcoin and other scarce digital assets to preserve wealth.
Ethereum’s transition to a deflationary model post-EIP-1559 (which burns a portion of transaction fees) has also strengthened its appeal. With reduced supply growth, ETH could mimic gold’s role as a store of value while offering additional utility in decentralized finance (DeFi) and smart contracts.
Adoption by Institutions and Governments
Institutional adoption has been a key driver of cryptocurrency legitimacy. By 2025, more corporations and sovereign wealth funds may allocate portions of their portfolios to Bitcoin as a hedge against inflation. Countries facing hyperinflation—such as Argentina or Venezuela—have already seen increased Bitcoin and stablecoin usage. If inflation trends in 2025 worsen in emerging markets, cryptocurrencies could become de facto alternatives to failing national currencies.
Additionally, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and regulatory clarity may further integrate crypto into mainstream finance. A well-regulated environment could reduce volatility and enhance trust, making digital assets more attractive to conservative investors.
The Bear Case: Why Cryptocurrencies Remain Volatility Traps
High Correlation with Risk Assets
Despite claims of being “digital gold,” cryptocurrencies have shown strong correlations with tech stocks and speculative assets. During the 2022-2023 market downturn, Bitcoin’s price movements closely mirrored those of the Nasdaq, undermining its safe-haven narrative. If inflation trends in 2025 lead to aggressive Federal Reserve rate hikes, risk-off sentiment could trigger another crypto sell-off.
Regulatory and Security Risks
Governments worldwide are still grappling with how to regulate cryptocurrencies. In 2025, stricter regulations—such as bans on private stablecoins or stringent KYC/AML policies—could stifle growth. China’s 2021 crypto ban demonstrated how quickly regulatory crackdowns can erase billions in market value.
Security remains another concern. High-profile exchange collapses (e.g., FTX) and smart contract exploits have eroded confidence. Until the industry matures, these risks will keep many traditional investors on the sidelines.
Technological and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities
Cryptocurrencies are highly sensitive to macroeconomic shifts. A stronger U.S. dollar, for example, often pressures Bitcoin’s price. Additionally, blockchain scalability issues and high energy costs (for proof-of-work networks) could hinder long-term adoption. If inflation trends in 2025 lead to economic instability, liquidity crunches may force leveraged crypto traders into mass liquidations, exacerbating volatility.
Practical Insights for Investors in 2025
Diversification and Risk Management
Given their volatility, cryptocurrencies should only constitute a small portion of a diversified portfolio. Dollar-cost averaging (DCA) can mitigate timing risks, while allocating to more established assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum may reduce exposure to altcoin instability.
Monitoring Macro Indicators
Investors should track:
- Federal Reserve policies (rate hikes/quantitative tightening)
- Inflation data (CPI, PCE reports)
- Institutional inflows (e.g., Bitcoin ETF approvals)
These factors will heavily influence crypto market sentiment in 2025.
Alternative Crypto Strategies
- Stablecoin Yield Farming: In high-inflation environments, DeFi platforms offering dollar-pegged yields may attract capital.
- Bitcoin Halving (2024): Historically, halving events have preceded bull runs. Investors should assess whether the 2024 halving’s effects extend into 2025.
## Conclusion: A Dual Role in 2025’s Inflationary Landscape
Cryptocurrencies in 2025 will likely remain both digital havens and volatility traps. While their scarcity and decentralization offer inflation-resistant qualities, their speculative nature and regulatory risks cannot be ignored. Investors must weigh these dynamics carefully, balancing crypto exposure with traditional safe havens like gold and forex.
As inflation trends evolve, the crypto market’s maturation—through institutional adoption, improved regulation, and technological advancements—will determine whether it solidifies its place as a legitimate hedge or remains a high-risk, high-reward gamble.
5. Portfolio Strategies for Inflationary Times
As inflation trends in 2025 continue to reshape financial markets, investors must adapt their portfolios to preserve capital and capitalize on opportunities in forex, gold, and cryptocurrencies. Inflation erodes purchasing power, making traditional cash holdings and fixed-income assets less attractive. Instead, a well-structured portfolio should incorporate assets that historically outperform during inflationary periods while maintaining diversification to mitigate risk.
This section explores actionable strategies for navigating inflationary pressures, focusing on forex, gold, and cryptocurrencies as key components of a resilient investment approach.
1. Diversification Across Inflation-Resistant Assets
A cornerstone of portfolio management in inflationary times is diversification across asset classes that respond differently to rising prices.
Forex: Hedging with Strong and Inflation-Resistant Currencies
Inflation trends in 2025 may lead to diverging monetary policies among central banks, creating forex opportunities. Investors should consider:
- Commodity-Linked Currencies: Currencies like the Australian Dollar (AUD), Canadian Dollar (CAD), and Norwegian Krone (NOK) often benefit from rising commodity prices, which typically accompany inflation.
- Safe-Haven Currencies: The Swiss Franc (CHF) and Japanese Yen (JPY) may provide stability if inflation triggers market volatility.
- Emerging Market Currencies with High Real Rates: Some emerging markets offer higher interest rates to combat inflation, attracting yield-seeking investors.
Example: If the U.S. Federal Reserve maintains a dovish stance while the Reserve Bank of Australia hikes rates to combat inflation, the AUD/USD pair could appreciate, offering forex traders a profitable opportunity.
Gold: A Time-Tested Inflation Hedge
Gold has historically preserved wealth during inflationary cycles due to its intrinsic value and limited supply. Investors can allocate a portion of their portfolio to:
- Physical Gold (Bullion, Coins)
- Gold ETFs (e.g., SPDR Gold Trust – GLD)
- Gold Mining Stocks (e.g., Newmont Corporation – NEM)
Practical Insight: During the 2020-2024 inflationary surge, gold prices rose by over 30%, reinforcing its role as a hedge. In 2025, if inflation remains elevated, gold could see renewed demand.
Cryptocurrencies: A New-Age Inflation Hedge?
While cryptocurrencies are volatile, certain digital assets are increasingly viewed as inflation hedges due to their scarcity and decentralized nature. Key considerations:
- Bitcoin (BTC): Often called “digital gold,” Bitcoin’s fixed supply (21 million coins) makes it attractive during inflationary periods.
- Ethereum (ETH) & Smart Contract Platforms: These may benefit from increased adoption in decentralized finance (DeFi) as inflation drives demand for alternative financial systems.
- Stablecoins with Yield: Some investors use USD-pegged stablecoins (e.g., USDC, DAI) in DeFi protocols to earn yields that outpace inflation.
Example: If inflation trends in 2025 lead to further distrust in fiat currencies, Bitcoin could see institutional inflows similar to its 2021 bull run.
2. Dynamic Asset Allocation & Rebalancing
Inflationary environments require proactive portfolio adjustments. Investors should:
- Increase Exposure to Real Assets: Commodities, real estate, and infrastructure often outperform during inflation.
- Reduce Long-Duration Bonds: Fixed-income securities lose value as interest rates rise. Instead, consider short-duration bonds or Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS).
- Monitor Central Bank Policies: Shifts in monetary policy (e.g., rate hikes, quantitative tightening) can impact forex and crypto markets.
Strategy Example: If inflation accelerates in 2025, an investor might shift from 60% stocks/40% bonds to 50% stocks, 20% gold/crypto, 20% forex, and 10% short-term bonds.
3. Tactical Trading Strategies
Forex Carry Trade Adjustments
Inflation trends in 2025 may widen interest rate differentials, making carry trades (borrowing low-yield currencies to invest in high-yield ones) attractive—but riskier if volatility spikes.
Gold & Crypto Momentum Trading
Technical analysis can help identify entry points for gold and crypto during inflationary spikes. Moving averages and relative strength indicators (RSI) are useful tools.
Inflation-Linked Derivatives
Advanced investors might use:
- Inflation Swaps (to hedge against rising prices)
- Options on Gold & Crypto ETFs (for leveraged exposure)
## 4. Risk Management in Inflationary Markets
- Stop-Loss Orders: Essential in volatile forex and crypto markets.
- Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA): Reduces timing risk when accumulating gold or crypto.
- Correlation Analysis: Ensure assets aren’t overly correlated (e.g., Bitcoin and tech stocks sometimes move together).
## Conclusion
Navigating inflation trends in 2025 requires a multi-asset approach, blending traditional hedges like gold with dynamic forex positions and selective crypto exposure. By diversifying, rebalancing proactively, and employing tactical strategies, investors can protect and grow their wealth despite rising prices.
Final Thought: Inflation is not uniform—regional disparities in monetary policy and economic conditions mean that a flexible, globally aware strategy will be key to success in 2025.
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FAQs: Forex, Gold, and Cryptocurrency in 2025’s Inflationary Climate
How are inflation trends 2025 expected to impact forex markets?
Inflation trends 2025 will likely drive currency volatility, as central banks adjust rates unevenly. Key factors include:
- Divergent monetary policies (e.g., Fed tightening vs. ECB caution)
- Commodity-linked currencies (AUD, CAD) benefiting from inflation-driven demand
- Emerging market currencies facing pressure from capital outflows
Is gold still a reliable hedge against inflation in 2025?
Yes, but with caveats. Gold remains a store of value, but its performance depends on:
- Real interest rates (higher rates reduce gold’s appeal)
- Central bank gold purchases (supporting demand)
- Investor sentiment during market stress
Will cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin replace gold as an inflation hedge?
Cryptocurrencies are gaining attention as digital safe havens, but they’re not yet a proven alternative to gold. Considerations:
- Bitcoin’s limited supply mimics gold, but its volatility deters conservative investors
- Stablecoins may offer inflation protection if pegged to commodities or inflation-indexed assets
- Regulatory clarity will determine long-term adoption
What are the best forex pairs to trade during high inflation in 2025?
Focus on:
- USD vs. JPY: The yen weakens if the BoJ lags in rate hikes
- EUR vs. CHF: The franc may strengthen as a traditional haven
- Commodity currencies (AUD, CAD): Benefit from inflation-driven resource demand
How can investors balance gold and crypto in an inflationary portfolio?
A hybrid approach works best:
- Allocate 5–15% to gold for stability
- Limit crypto exposure to 5–10%, favoring Bitcoin and inflation-resistant tokens
- Rebalance quarterly based on macroeconomic signals
What risks do inflation trends 2025 pose for emerging market currencies?
Emerging markets face:
- Capital flight to higher-yielding, stable currencies
- Debt crises if USD-denominated loans become unsustainable
- Political instability exacerbating currency depreciation
Could stagflation in 2025 hurt both stocks and crypto?
Yes. Stagflation (high inflation + low growth) could:
- Crush equities as corporate profits shrink
- Pressure crypto if investors flee to cash or gold
- Boost defensive assets like Treasuries and stablecoins
How will central bank policies in 2025 influence safe-haven assets?
Central banks will be pivotal:
- Rate hikes may strengthen currencies but hurt gold
- QE unwinding could spike volatility, benefiting crypto as an alternative
- Policy missteps might trigger a rush to traditional havens